PhD · UNC Chapel Hill · City & Regional Planning

Yuxuan Cai蔡 雨 轩

Teaching machines to sense the city.

Urban AI · vision-language models for urban perception · LLM multi-agent planning simulation · environmental health & equity.

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Yuxuan Cai
00 · About

Teaching machines
to sense the city

I am a PhD student in City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Previously I completed an MA in Computational Social Science at the University of Chicago and studied architecture at UC Berkeley.

My research sits at the intersection of urban planning, machine perception of the built environment, and public health — using vision-language models to measure how people experience cities, and building LLM multi-agent frameworks that model planning decision-making, behavioral bias, negotiation, and intent alignment in urban contexts.

PositionPhD Student, UNC Chapel Hill
01 · Research

Research directions

Research footprint — field sites mapped from published work. Drag to explore.

01

Urban Perception & Vision-Language Models

How people experience urban environments — via crowdsourced data, street-view imagery, and social media — and how AI systems represent those perceptions.

VLM / CLIPStreet ViewNLP
02

LLM Planning Simulation & Decision-Making

LLM multi-agent frameworks that model planning decision processes — behavioral bias, intent understanding, negotiation, and alignment in policy contexts.

Multi-Agent LLMPlanning AIIntent
03

Urban Health & Environmental Justice

Long-term environmental exposures — air pollution, heat, green-space inequality — and their disparate effects on health across demographic groups.

Env. HealthGISEquity
02 · Publications

Selected papers

Publications by year

JournalConference
2026
Desirable Bikeshare Routes: Nonlinear Impacts of Micro-Level Street Environments
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
Cai, Y.*, Song, Q., Cheng, Y., Chen, A., Wang, Y., Li, W., & Qiu, W.
2026
Evaluating the Spatial-Temporal Impact of Urban Nature on Urban Vitality in Vancouver: A Social Media and GPS Data Approach
Land Use Policy
Huang, Y., Du, J., Chen, M., Lin, Y., Huang, S., & Cai, Y.
2025
Subjective Perception or Physical Environment: Which Matters More for Public Area Visitation?
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Cai, Y.*, Huang, Y., Chen, A., Yang, Z., Chen, M., et al.
2025
Advancing Urban Management: Integrating GIS, LLMs, and Media Narratives for Urban Crime Analysis
PLOS ONE
Cai, Y.*, & Chen, A.
2025
Assessing Influence of Urban Scene Characteristics on Urban Heat Island: Interpretable ML in NYC
Urban Climate
Li, H., Cai, Y.*, Yang, Y., & Cai, X.
2025
Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Mental Health Disparities: A Prospective Analysis of the All of Us Research Program
Environmental Research
Burrows, K., Luo, J., Cai, Y., & Aschebrook-Kilfoy, B.
2025
Greenery Inequalities in New York and London: Socio-economic and Spatial Dimensions
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Hu, Y., Chen, M., & Cai, Y.
2025
Enhancing Sustainable Indoor Air: Potted Plants and ML Models for VOC Mitigation
Urban Climate
Shen, X., Sun, Q., Mosey, G., Cai, Y., & Cheng, W.
2025
Residential Segregation: ML, SHAP Interpretability, and Deep Learning — Las Vegas
Land
Liu, J., Cai, Y., & Shen, X.*
2024
Evaluating Implied Urban Nature Vitality in San Francisco: Street View, Census & Social Media
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Chen, M., Cai, Y., Guo, S., Sun, R., Song, Y., & Shen, X.*
2024
Empathy and Redemption: Online Support for Mental Health Before and After COVID-19
PLOS ONE
Cai, Y.*, Wei, E., & Cai, X.
2024
Urban Amenities and Urban Green Space Transformation in Guangzhou
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Zhang, S., Chen, J., Cai, Y., Wen, Y., Niu, J., & Chen, M.*
Understanding how park and non-park urban nature shape urban vitality — Landscape and Urban Planning
Urban vitality measurement — multimodal approach
Urban inequality & environmental risk
2026
What Do Vision-Language Models Know About Urban Perception? A Mechanistic Investigation
ACSP 66th Annual Conference
Cai, Y.
2025
Nonlinear Impact of Built Environments on Bike-Share Route Discrepancies
TRB 2025 Annual Meeting
Cai, Y., Cheng, Y., Chen, A., Qiu, W., & Wang, Y.
2023
Street-Level Factors and Sexual Crime Using Computer Vision and Big Data — Manhattan
AESOP 35th Annual Congress — Full Paper Oral
Cai, Y., Li, H., & Dai, S.*
2023
Human Perceptions to Inform Urban Landscape Design for Biking-Friendliness — Shanghai
IFLA 2023 Conference — Oral Report
Li, H., & Cai, Y.
03 · Projects

Work & projects

Urban Perception & VLMs
01 // VLM

Urban Perception & VLMs

Visual representations, street-view segmentation, and multi-modal alignment models of urban space.

LLM Planning Simulation
02 // SIMULATION

LLM Planning Simulation

Modeling policy negotiations, stakeholder intentions, and behavioral agents inside cities.

Urban Mobility & Streets
03 // MOBILITY

Urban Mobility & Streets

Micro-level built environments, bikeshare route desirability, and heat exposures.

// Click a category to view detailed research projects. Design & practice portfolios coming soon.
04 · Recognition

Awards & honors

Fellowships & Scholarships
2024
University Scholarship $30,000University of Chicago
2023
Phoenix Research & Merit Scholarship $22,000University of Chicago
2022
Karren Architecture Fellowship $20,000UC Berkeley
2024
Conference Travel Award $600University of Chicago
Academic Honors
2025
MACSS Outstanding Thesis Award — NomineeUniversity of Chicago
Design Awards
2020
iF Design Talent Award
2020
Architecture Master Prize — Best of BestStudent Landscape Architecture
2020
World Architecture Award — 36th Cycle
2022
Landscape Institute Award — Innovation & Research FinalistLandscape Institute, UK
2023
World Landscape Architecture Awards — Student Design Merit
2021
ASLA Student Honor Award — CommunicationsAmerican Society of Landscape Architects
2020
Laka Competition — Honorable Mention
2020
WLA Awards — Student Analysis & Planning Merit + Design Shortlist
06 · Contact

Open to
collaboration

Urban AI, visiting opportunities, & research conversations.

// Send a message — opens your email app

05 · Writing

Blog & tutorials

Notes, ideas, and hands-on tutorials on urban AI, urban perception, and computational methods — sharing work in progress and what I learn along the way. Newest first.

Blog

Urban scene types & heat-island risk in NYC — insights from interpretable ML

A plain-language walkthrough of our Urban Climate paper: which street-level features shape land-surface temperature across New York City. Street greenery beyond roughly 28% canopy, building height, and neighborhood socioeconomic context emerge as the strongest drivers — and heat exposure falls unevenly, with already-vulnerable neighborhoods carrying disproportionate risk.

Paper ↗ Original post ↗
Tutorials

// Hands-on tutorials & notebooks — in preparation.