PhD · UNC Chapel Hill · City & Regional Planning

Yuxuan Cai蔡 雨 轩

Teaching machines to sense the city.

Urban informatics & human-centered AI · vision-language models for urban perception · LLM agent pathology and multi-agent deliberation · interpretability for planning.

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Yuxuan Cai
00 · About
Yuxuan Cai — a figure on the rocks at night, the city glowing on the horizon

Teaching machines
to sense the city

I am a PhD student in City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Previously I completed an MA in Computational Social Science at the University of Chicago and studied architecture at UC Berkeley.

My research works at the intersection of urban informatics and human-centered AI. I study urban perception, behavior, and mental health through LLM agent pathology, multi-agent deliberation, and vision-language models — with an emphasis on interpretability for planning decisions: not just whether a model predicts what people do, but whether its reasoning can be read, questioned, and acted on by the people who make the plans.

PositionPhD Student, UNC Chapel Hill
01 · Research

Research directions

Research footprint — field sites mapped from published work. Drag to explore.

01

Urban Perception & Vision-Language Models

How people experience urban environments — via crowdsourced data, street-view imagery, and social media — and how AI systems represent those perceptions.

VLM / CLIPStreet ViewNLP
02

LLM Planning Simulation & Decision-Making

LLM multi-agent frameworks that model planning decision processes — behavioral bias, intent understanding, negotiation, and alignment in policy contexts.

Multi-Agent LLMPlanning AIIntent
03

Urban Health & Environmental Justice

Long-term environmental exposures — air pollution, heat, green-space inequality — and their disparate effects on health across demographic groups.

Env. HealthGISEquity
02 · Publications

Selected papers

Publications by year

JournalConference
2026
Desirable Bikeshare Routes: Nonlinear Impacts of Micro-Level Street Environments
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
Cai, Y., Song, Q., Cheng, Y., Chen, A., Wang, Y., Li, W., & Qiu, W.
2026
Evaluating the Spatial-Temporal Impact of Urban Nature on Urban Vitality in Vancouver: A Social Media and GPS Data Approach
Land Use Policy
Huang, Y., Du, J., Chen, M., Lin, Y., Huang, S., & Cai, Y.
2025
Subjective Perception or the Physical Environment: Which Matters More for Public Area Visitation Thresholds Across Different COVID-19 Pandemic Stages?
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Cai, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, A., Yang, Z., Chen, M., et al.
2025
Advancing Urban Management: Integrating GIS, LLMs, and Media Narratives for Urban Crime Analysis
PLOS ONE
Cai, Y.*, & Chen, A.
2025
Assessing Influence of Urban Scene Characteristics on Urban Heat Island: Interpretable ML in NYC
Urban Climate
Li, H., Cai, Y.*, Yang, Y., & Cai, X.
2025
Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Mental Health Disparities: A Prospective Analysis of the All of Us Research Program
Environmental Research
Burrows, K., Luo, J., Cai, Y., & Aschebrook-Kilfoy, B.
2025
Greenery Inequalities in New York and London: Socio-economic and Spatial Dimensions
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Hu, Y., Chen, M., & Cai, Y.
2025
Enhancing Sustainable Indoor Air: Potted Plants and ML Models for VOC Mitigation
Urban Climate
Shen, X., Sun, Q., Mosey, G., Cai, Y., & Cheng, W.
2025
Residential Segregation: ML, SHAP Interpretability, and Deep Learning — Las Vegas
Land
Liu, J., Cai, Y., & Shen, X.*
2024
Evaluating Implied Urban Nature Vitality in San Francisco: Street View, Census & Social Media
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Chen, M., Cai, Y., Guo, S., Sun, R., Song, Y., & Shen, X.*
2024
Empathy and Redemption: Online Support for Mental Health Before and After COVID-19
PLOS ONE
Cai, Y.*, Wei, E., & Cai, X.
2024
Urban Amenities and Urban Green Space Transformation in Guangzhou
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Zhang, S., Chen, J., Cai, Y., Wen, Y., Niu, J., & Chen, M.*
2026
Can Large Language Models Represent Urban Publics? Behavioral Replication and Population Mismatch in an Affordable-Housing Experiment
arXiv preprint · cs.CY
Cai, Y.*, Hu, Y., Li, H., Ju, Z., & Guo, S. — Cai and Hu contributed equally
Understanding how park and non-park urban nature shape urban vitality — Landscape and Urban Planning
Urban vitality measurement — multimodal approach
Urban inequality & environmental risk
2026
What Do Vision-Language Models Know About Urban Perception? A Mechanistic Investigation
ACSP 66th Annual Conference
Cai, Y., & Kaza, N.
2025
Nonlinear Impact of Built Environments on Bike-Share Route Discrepancies
TRB 2025 Annual Meeting
Cai, Y., Cheng, Y., Chen, A., Qiu, W., & Wang, Y.
2023
Street-Level Factors and Sexual Crime Using Computer Vision and Big Data — Manhattan
AESOP 35th Annual Congress — Full Paper Oral
Cai, Y., Li, H., & Dai, S.*
2023
Human Perceptions to Inform Urban Landscape Design for Biking-Friendliness — Shanghai
IFLA 2023 Conference — Oral Report
Li, H., & Cai, Y.
03 · Projects

Work & projects

Urban Perception & VLMs
01 // VLM

Urban Perception & VLMs

Visual representations, street-view segmentation, and multi-modal alignment models of urban space.

LLM Planning Simulation
02 // SIMULATION

LLM Planning Simulation

Modeling policy negotiations, stakeholder intentions, and behavioral agents inside cities.

Urban Mobility & Streets
03 // MOBILITY

Urban Mobility & Streets

Micro-level built environments, bikeshare route desirability, and route choice behaviour.

Urban Nature & Vitality
04 // NATURE

Urban Nature & Vitality

Greenery exposure, park access equity, and how urban nature shapes where people actually spend time.

Environment, Health & Equity
05 // HEALTH & EQUITY

Environment, Health & Equity

Heat exposure, air quality, mental health, and residential segregation — interpretable models over city-scale data.

Platforms & Infrastructure
06 // PLATFORMS

Platforms & Infrastructure

Open platforms I build and run for computational urban research — a community, a data registry, an experimentation layer, and a research program.

04 · Recognition

Awards & honors

Fellowships & Scholarships
2024
University Scholarship $30,000University of Chicago
2023
Phoenix Research & Merit Scholarship $22,000University of Chicago
2022
Karren Architecture Fellowship $20,000UC Berkeley
2024
Conference Travel Award $600University of Chicago
Academic Honors
2025
MACSS Outstanding Thesis Award — NomineeUniversity of Chicago
Design Awards
2020
iF Design Talent Award
2020
Architecture Master Prize — Best of BestStudent Landscape Architecture
2020
World Architecture Award — 36th Cycle
2022
Landscape Institute Award — Innovation & Research FinalistLandscape Institute, UK
2023
World Landscape Architecture Awards — Student Design Merit
2021
ASLA Student Honor Award — CommunicationsAmerican Society of Landscape Architects
2020
Laka Competition — Honorable Mention
2020
WLA Awards — Student Analysis & Planning Merit + Design Shortlist
06 · Contact

Open to
collaboration

Urban AI, visiting opportunities, & research conversations.

// Send a message — opens your email app

05 · Writing

Blog & tutorials

Notes, ideas, and hands-on tutorials on urban AI, urban perception, and computational methods — sharing work in progress and what I learn along the way. Newest first.

Blog

Urban scene types & heat-island risk in NYC — insights from interpretable ML

A plain-language walkthrough of our Urban Climate paper: which street-level features shape land-surface temperature across New York City. Street greenery beyond roughly 28% canopy, building height, and neighborhood socioeconomic context emerge as the strongest drivers — and heat exposure falls unevenly, with already-vulnerable neighborhoods carrying disproportionate risk.

Read post → Paper ↗ Project page →
Tutorials

// Hands-on tutorials & notebooks — in preparation.